AI Glossary

Plain-English definitions of the AI terms you keep running into — no jargon, with real examples and the free tools that put each idea to work.

AI Agent

An AI system that can take a goal and carry out multi-step actions to achieve it, not just answer a single question.

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API (Application Programming Interface)

A defined way for one piece of software to talk to another — how apps plug AI models and other services into their own products.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Software that performs tasks we normally associate with human intelligence, like understanding language or recognizing images.

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Chatbot

A program you interact with through conversation — from simple scripted helpers to AI assistants powered by LLMs.

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Computer Vision

The field of AI that lets computers interpret and understand images and video.

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Context Window

The maximum amount of text an AI model can consider at once — its working memory for a conversation or document.

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Deep Learning

A type of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers — the approach behind most modern AI.

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Diffusion Model

The type of AI behind most modern image generators — it creates pictures by refining random noise step by step.

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Embedding

A way of turning words, sentences or images into lists of numbers that capture their meaning so software can compare them.

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Fine-Tuning

Taking an already-trained AI model and training it a bit more on specialized data to adapt it to a specific job.

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Generative AI

AI that creates new content — text, images, audio or code — rather than just classifying or predicting.

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GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)

The family of AI models, based on the transformer design, that powers many popular chatbots and writing tools.

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Hallucination

When an AI confidently produces information that is false, made up or not supported by its source.

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Inference

The "using" phase of AI — when a trained model takes your input and produces an output, like answering a prompt.

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Large Language Model (LLM)

A type of AI trained on huge amounts of text that can understand and generate human-like language.

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Machine Learning (ML)

A way of building AI by letting software learn patterns from examples instead of being explicitly programmed with rules.

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Natural Language Processing (NLP)

The field of AI focused on getting computers to understand and work with human language.

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Neural Network

A model loosely inspired by the brain, made of layers of connected nodes that learn patterns from data.

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Prompt

The instruction or question you give an AI to tell it what you want it to do.

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Prompt Engineering

The practice of crafting and refining prompts to get better, more reliable results from an AI.

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RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)

A technique that lets an AI look up relevant information first, then use it to answer — reducing made-up facts.

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Temperature

A setting that controls how random or predictable an AI language model’s output is.

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Token

The small chunks of text — words or pieces of words — that a language model reads and generates.

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Training Data

The examples an AI model learns from — its quality and range shape what the model can and cannot do.

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